Arrangements of mild steel (DIN 2393) nested tubes were laterally crushed by dynamic loading. The tests were performed with impact velocities ranging between 3 and 5 m/s, using a fixed mass impinging onto the specimens under the influence of gravity. Two arrangements of nested tube systems were considered; one standard and one optimised design. Their crushing behaviour and energy absorption capabilities were analysed experimentally and simulated numerically using the explicit code LS-DYNA. Results from the numerical analyses were compared against those obtained from experiments. An over-prediction in force-deflection responses was obtained from the numerical code. An attempt was made to explain this inconsistency on the basis of the validity of strain rate parameters used in the Cowper Symonds relation. It was shown that the optimised energy absorber exhibited a more desirable force-deflection response than the standard arrangement due to a simple design modification which involved mild steel cylindrical dampers.
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机译：低碳钢（DIN 2393）套料管的布置通过动态载荷横向破碎。使用在重力影响下撞击样品的固定质量，以3至5 m / s的冲击速度进行测试。考虑了嵌套管系统的两种安排；一种标准和一种优化的设计。使用显式代码LS-DYNA对它们的破碎行为和能量吸收能力进行了实验分析和数值模拟。将数值分析的结果与实验获得的结果进行比较。从数字代码中获得了力-挠度响应的过度预测。试图根据考珀西蒙兹关系中使用的应变速率参数的有效性来解释这种不一致。结果表明，由于涉及软钢圆柱阻尼器的简单设计修改，优化的能量吸收器比标准装置表现出更理想的力-挠曲响应。
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